Information
The most common form of cocaine is in a white or off-white powder; this form is cocaine hydrochloride, is water soluble, and is commonly snorted or injected. The other common form of cocaine is as a fat-soluble base that is smoked; this form is well-known by the street name ‘crack.’ The difference of these two forms is especially significant when considering medical and behavioral treatment of cocaine addiction.
Crack is not by nature not a more potent version of cocaine but is instead a more potent delivery of the drug. In basic form it more easily crosses the blood/brain barrier, which a layer of fatty protective tissue that prevents harmful chemicals flowing through the blood stream from reaching the brain. As a fat-soluble base, the protection of the blood/brain barrier is rendered ineffective, which leads to a more immediate and intense high as cocaine can quickly reach the pleasure centers of the brain. This increased efficiency also increases the dangers of addiction. The sudden rush of cocaine to the brain simultaneously decreases the amount of cocaine needed for the same high and increases the tolerance to the drug.
However, the route
of delivery primarily affects the timeline of changes within the brain;
the long-term physiological effects of cocaine use remain the same. Cocaine
substantially increases the effects of dopamine, a natural neurotransmitter
within the brain. Dopamine is the substance through which we learn what
good things to seek in life; thus very rapidly, a user learns to seek
out cocaine as the primary pleasure in life. Studies on rats and mice
with unlimited access to cocaine have striking results: the animals all
eventually focus their entire attention on cocaine and continue seeking
cocaine until they die of dehydration or starvation. Dependence on cocaine
arises as natural sources of dopamine in the brain rapidly dry up.
Those recovering from cocaine binges or addiction face the psychological challenge of rediscovering the things in life which that give them pleasure. The physiological recovery of these systems within the brain can take up to years to fully repair after the effects of cocaine abuse. Individuals recovering from cocaine addiction are thus strongly encouraged to seek long-term professional care and counseling to help maintain an abstinent yet happy life. If someone you know is considering stopping or slowing their cocaine use, we encourage you to contact us. We can assist you in finding the correct facilities for a safe and effective recovery.